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Summary: A compilation of extracts featuring child-rights issues from the reports submitted to the first Universal Periodic Review. There are extracts from the 'National Report', the 'Compilation of UN Information' and the 'Summary of Stakeholder's Information'. Also included is the final report and the list of accepted and rejected recommendations. Kiribati - 8th Session - 2010 Scroll to: National Report 20. As with most Pacific Island states, Kiribati has not ratified most of the international conventions. The only two that have been ratified i.e. CRC and CEDAW have yet to be fully incorporated into Kiribati legislation. Full implementation is an ongoing and progressive process, delayed principally by resource and capacity constraints, amongst other factors. However, efforts are in progress to align national laws with CRC and CEDAW. For example, a Child Protection Legislative Reform project with UNICEF is currently in train overseen by the Attorney-General’s Office while another project operating under the title “Changing Laws: Protecting Women and Family which is a collaboration between MISA and SPC /RRRT has amongst it’s key objectives, legislative reform to facilitate CEDAW compliance. 30. A separate Juvenile Court facility is incorporated within the judicial system. This is targeted at affording separate and specialized treatment for juvenile offenders outside of the mainstream courts. There is also in place a non legislative Court Diversion scheme to provide for community based rather than formal criminal sanction against first offenders. Workshops and training of Magistrates and police officers on juvenile justice is a government priority. These programmes reflect the Government’s wider commitment to ensure the constitutional rights for a fair trial are meaningful and further confirm the Government’s commitment to human rights and social justice values. 32. The Government provides compulsory and free primary schools. There needs to be a system of checks to ensure that all children are allowed to go to school. Legislation provides that parents can be taken to court and charged if proved that they purposely hold their children from school. Due to financial constraints, some families may prefer boys go to school whilst girls are ‘educated’ at home. This practice is fast becoming extinct and education statistics have shown higher number of girls obtaining scholarships in past years. Primary, Secondary, Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) and Tertiary Institutions are highly subsidized by Government through provision of Teacher salaries, free equipment and other teaching materials. 39. The decline in the standards of quality education is visible especially in the standard of written and spoken English; the key prerequisite for University entrance. Lack of training and up-skilling for teachers exists, primarily due to lack of finance and resource persons. There is a definite need for revision of the school curriculum, a need for a decentralized education system and an acute need to upgrade school facilities for schools. All these requirements translate into more funding needed in this area. Government is moving to create employment opportunities such as vocational schools, alternative employment opportunities i.e. gardening, mechanic schools etc. 42. The Government acknowledges that legislative reforms are long overdue for the Penal Code and other laws directly or indirectly impacting on the rights and interests of children. Infrastructural development (juvenile detention facilities, schools, medical services etc) are urgently required for full implantation of the CRC. Again, resource and capacity constraints pose significant hurdles to overcome. The Child Protection Legislative reform commenced in January 2010. 48. A report on Kiribati Family and Support Study is being finalized (December 2009) and will include results of the WHO/VAW survey which includes statistics on the incidence of violence. The project is also a situational analysis of child abuse cases. The Kiribati National Advisory Council for Children is presently looking at the implementation of the CRC concluding comments. UNICEF has been instrumental in the signing of another MOU between MISA and MOH guaranteeing registration of all new births. Recently an agreement between Government and UNICEF has been concluded. The project will look into reform of all legislation concerning children. The project is already underway and personnel from the A-G’s office are working with Australian consultants on the project. 54. A national Youth policy is in draft and will be completed this year. The intention is to finalize it in 2009 to cover period of 2010-2014. This will be the first time for such to direct youth activities in the country. There is an increased acceptance of youth in decision- making bodies. This has made possible the increased involvement and participation of youth representatives in developing UN action plan (UN). Youth are actively involved in collaboration and partnership programmes for youths both nationally and at the regional level. At the Ministerial level, the Strategic Plan for MISA looks at Youth Issues together with a situational Analysis of Women, Youth and children. Most of these development programmes lack financial support. 56. A separate Juvenile Court facility is available in the Kiribati justice system. This allows for separate treatment for juvenile offenders. Workshops and training for Magistrates and police on juvenile justice is a priority. Educational reform around juvenile justice is supported by UNICEF which has also initiated a Joint Study on Child Abuse in 2008. 1. In 2006, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was concerned that Kiribati had only ratified two of the seven core international human rights treaties.8 CRC also regretted that, despite the State party’s previous intention to withdraw its reservations to articles 24 (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), 26 and 28 (b), (c) and (d) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Kiribati had not yet made a decision regarding this withdrawal. 9 4. In 2006, CRC expressed concern that there was no specific legislation to protect the rights of the child and that domestic law, including customary law, was not in full compliance with the principles and provisions of the Convention and was frequently not implemented, particularly in remote areas. It recommended that Kiribati take effective measures to harmonize its domestic legislation, which includes customary law, with the provisions and principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.16 5. UNICEF recommended in 2009 that Kiribati create a Child Protection Act that empowers Government agencies to undertake crisis intervention, with provision for judicial review of actions. It also recommended amending the 1977 Death and Fire Inquiries Act to provide for the mandatory investigation of all child deaths.17 7. In 2009, UNICEF highlighted the establishment of a Kiribati National Advisory Committee on Children (KNACC).20 CRC welcomed the establishment of the KNACC, but regretted the scarcity of human and financial resources allocated to it, which did not allow it to effectively carry out its work.21 8. UNICEF indicated that the Government endorsed the Kiribati Development Plan 2008–2011, which identified six key policy areas: human resource development, economic growth and poverty reduction, health, environment, governance and infrastructure.22 9. In 2006, CRC recommended that Kiribati strengthen its efforts to adopt and implement a National Plan of Action which covers all areas under the Convention on the Rights of the Child.23 It also recommended expanding its programmes to sensitize children and parents about the Convention, and ensuring that the Convention and related domestic legislation form an integral part of education and training of professional groups working with and for children.24 16. UNICEF indicated that girls were more vulnerable to sexual abuse and exploitation because they were raised to be “subservient to male discipline and control”. In addition, girls risked victimization and discrimination as a result of reporting a case of sexual abuse.37 In 2006, CRC was concerned at reports that victims of rape were often shunned by their community.38 17. CRC was further concerned at reports of persistent discrimination experienced by children from economically disadvantaged families and recommended that Kiribati intensify its efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of de facto discrimination against them.39 20. In 2006, CRC was concerned at the high number of cases of violence and child abuse.47 UNICEF highlighted that child sexual abuse was common and of serious concern, adding that most reported cases of child rape involved close relatives.48 While welcoming the establishment of a Family Assistance and Sexual Offences Unit in the Kiribati Police Service, CRC was concerned at the lack of comprehensive measures to address this serious phenomenon. It recommended that Kiribati take all necessary measures to prevent and address violence against children and child abuse, including by establishing an effective mechanism to receive, monitor and investigate reports of child abuse and neglect; developing and implementing preventive measures, including awareness-raising campaigns to combat all forms of violence against children; providing victims with adequate protection, as well as psychological support, recovery and social reintegration assistance; and ensuring that all perpetrators of sexual and other forms of child abuse are brought to justice.49 21. In 2009, UNICEF noted that there was no regulation of traditional practices identified as being harmful to children. UNICEF added that corporal punishment was not explicitly prohibited and was available in law as a criminal penalty for boys.50 It recommended the removal of corporal punishment provisions in the 1977 Magistrates Court Act.51 In 2006, CRC expressed concern that corporal punishment was widely practised in the home and schools, and used as a disciplinary measure in alternative care settings. It added that under article 226 of the Penal Code, “reasonable punishment” was permitted in penal institutions and by order of island councils. CRC recommended that Kiribati amend all relevant legislation, in particular article 226 of the Penal Code, to ensure that corporal punishment is explicitly prohibited in the family, schools, penal institutions, alternative care settings and as a traditional form of sentencing. It also recommended taking effective measures – including public awareness campaigns – to promote positive, participatory and non-violent forms of discipline.52 22. CRC was also concerned at the reported increase in commercial sexual exploitation of children.53 In 2009, UNICEF highlighted the existence of a small group of regular sex workers, known as “te korekorea”, most of whom were young girls, some as young as 14 years of age.54 CRC recommended that Kiribati inter alia conduct a comprehensive study to asses the causes, nature and extent of commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people in Kiribati. It also recommended ensuring that children who have been subjected to sexual and economic exploitation are treated as victims and that perpetrators are brought to justice.55 UNICEFrecommended the review and reform of the 1977 Penal Code with regard to violence against children, sexual abuse and exploitation, abduction, sale and trafficking.56 23. UNICEF also highlighted that there was no strategy in place to eliminate the worst forms of child labour57 and recommended the establishment of a comprehensive child labour policy.58 In 2006, CRC also made a recommendation in this regard.59 24. CRC was further concerned at reports that a number of children were selling goods in the street and were homeless. It recommended, inter alia, that Kiribati ensure that street children are provided with adequate nutrition, clothing, housing, health care and educational opportunities, including vocational and life-skills training, to support their full development. It also recommended that these children are provided with rehabilitative and reintegration services, as well as, where possible and when in the best interests of the child, services for reconciliation with their families.60 28. CRC noted with concern that there was no specific legislation on juvenile justice and that persons between 16 and 18 years of age were detained with adults. The lack of adequate alternatives for pretrial and other forms of detention, the lack of guarantees for due process and the poor living conditions faced by children detained in police stations or prisons were also issues of concern. CRC urged Kiribati to ensure the full implementation of juvenile justice standards and recommended, inter alia, that it develop specific and appropriate legislation on juvenile justice; ensure that due process is guaranteed; develop and implement alternatives to pretrial and other forms of detention; and when detained, ensure that persons under 18 are not detained with adults.64 UNICEF recommended the creation of a comprehensive Young Offenders Act.65 29. In 2006, CRC expressed concern that registration at birth was not a systematic procedure and that a large number of children were not registered. It recommended that Kiribati strengthen its efforts to ensure that all children are registered at birth and take measures to promote the importance of birth registration, including through awareness- raising initiatives and access to free and effective registration technology in Government offices.66 In 2009, UNICEF indicated that birth registration was free within 12 months of the child’s birth and that later registrations would incur fees. It added that, according to the law, every child must be registered within 10 days of his or her birth.67 32. CRC noted that collective living arrangements in Kiribati offered solutions for the care of children by the extended family. However, it was concerned that the best interests of the child were not a priority in decision-making processes. CRC recommended that Kiribati systematically apply criteria based on the best interests of the child and develop informal family-based alternative care solutions.70 33. CRC was also concerned that the absence of monitoring and regulations may result in illegal domestic or intercountry adoptions. It recommended that Kiribati strengthen its efforts to prevent illegal adoptions and ensure that its legislation and practice on both national and intercountry adoptions is brought into line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child; establish effective mechanisms to review, monitor and follow up the adoption of children; and take appropriate measures to ensure that the best interests of the child are fully respected in the practice of so-called “informal adoptions”.71 In 2009, UNICEF recommended the establishment of a Family Law Act and an Adoption Act.72 43. In 2006, CRC expressed concern that, despite the legislation setting the minimum age for admission to work at 14 years, many children under that age worked, primarily in the informal sector of the economy, either full-time or outside school hours. It recommended, inter alia, that Kiribati strengthen the labour inspectorate to ensure the effective implementation of child labour laws, both in the formal and informal sectors.87 In 2009, UNICEF noted that penalties for non-compliance with child labour laws were low88 and recommended the review and reform of the 1977 Employment Ordinance to address child labour.89 It added that the protection provided by laws regulating permissible child work could be strengthened by addressing more explicitly, and in greater detail, pay and conditions for children, as well as the types of work that are and are not permissible for different age groups.90 44. In 2006, CRC was concerned that large numbers of families lived in economic hardship, near or below the level of subsistence, especially in South Tarawa, and suffered from the effects of overcrowding and limited economic opportunities. It recommended that Kiribati, inter alia, ensure that financial support is provided to families living under restricted economic conditions; schools assist families, particularly disadvantaged families, with regard to childcare and education, and families are provided with adequate and affordable housing.91 According to the 2002 CCA, the rapid growth of South Tarawa, and the population decline in most outer islands was placing tremendous pressures on the former and making delivery of services to the latter increasingly difficult, expensive and inefficient. In addition, the fragile environment of South Tarawa was deteriorating due to increasing overcrowding, limited legal access to land and poor waste management and pollution control.92 46. In 2006, CRC was concerned at reports of high rates of infant and child mortality, acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea, and severe malnutrition among children.96 UNICEF highlighted that the relatively high infant and child death rates reflect the fact that children in Kiribati still die from readily preventable causes, even though the rates have decreased in the past two decades. It added that Kiribati is unlikely to meet the Millennium Development Goals on reducing child mortality and improving maternal health by 2015.97 A 2009 United Nations Statistics Division source indicated that the mortality rate for children under-five per 1,000 live births was 63 in 2007.98 48. CRC expressed concern at reports of an increasing number of children who abuse drugs and consume alcohol and tobacco. It was also concerned, inter alia, about the increasing rates among young people of attempted suicides, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and teenage pregnancies.103 It recommended that Kiribati formulate a rights-based plan of action for the protection of all children, and particularly adolescents, from the dangers of drugs and harmful substances; develop recovery and social reintegration services for child victims of substance abuse; strengthen reproductive health education for adolescents; and provide teenage pregnant girls with the necessary assistance and access to health care and education.104 50. In the 2003–2007 UNDAF, it was indicated that Kiribati has compulsory education from ages 6 to 14.108 It highlighted that, on the outer islands, provision of schooling was difficult and costly because of poor communications and transport and the expense of servicing small, remote schools. It also noted that the quality of education was low throughout the country due to a shortage of resources within schools and poor physical facilities.109 In 2009, UNICEF stated that, while much progress had been made in increasing access to school, there were concerns regarding the quality of education.110 It recommended the review and reform of the 1977 Education Act.111 51. In 2006, CRC noted, inter alia, that the cost of education was often prohibitive and that the absence of training required for teachers was leading to low-quality teaching and disparities in preschool education. The insufficient bilingual education in English and I- Kiribati was also a cause of concern for CRC, as it negatively impacts access to higher education, which is only available in English in neighbouring countries. CRC also regretted that, aside from informal vocational training provided by national NGOs, there were no vocational or educational opportunities within or outside the formal school system. It recommended that Kiribati increase budgetary allocation to ensure access to free primary and quality education in all regions and improve the physical infrastructure of educational facilities; strengthen its efforts to bridge the gaps in the availability of education throughout the country, including the availability of school materials; strengthen vocational programmes for children, including those who do not attend regular school; improve the training and recruitment of teachers; and facilitate the use of new technology, including e- learning and blended learning.112 53. UNICEF highlighted that the Broadcasting and Publications Authority broadcasts regular programmes on children’s rights and child abuse. UNICEF also highlighted programmes providing reproductive health information, services, commodities and life skills training alongside youth activities and youth drop-in-centres.115 54. In the 2003–2007 UNDAF, it was stressed that Kiribati is highly vulnerable to external economic and environmental events, and is among the countries expected to suffer the greatest impact of climate change, including extensive land mass submersion in the worst-case scenario.116 Similar observations were made by UNHCR and UNICEF in 2009 and CRC in 2006.117 55. CRC also referred to difficulties resulting from deep-rooted traditions and the differences between provisions of domestic legislation and customary law, as a factor impeding the implementation of the Convention.118 2. Joint Submission 1 (JS1) recommended that Kiribati withdraw the reservations to articles 24 b, c, d, e and f, 26 and 28 b, c and d of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).5 In addition, (KWAN) urged Kiribati to consider the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (OP-CRC-SC).6 3. Amnesty International (AI) noted the position of the Kiribati courts that international human rights treaties are only applicable once they have been legislated by Parliament.7 JS1 highlighted that Kiribati’s implementation of the CRC is still pending effective incorporation of the provisions into domestic legislation.8 8. JS1 noted the establishment of the Kiribati National Advisory Committee on Children (KNACC) to oversee the implementation of the CRC. It highlighted that the Committee had faced a number of financial and human resources limitations in the past and urged Kiribati to ensure it is adequately resourced to carry out its work effectively.17 9. JS1 recommended that Kiribati take greater steps in promoting human rights education by making known to all citizens their rights as set forth in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights..18 Noting that many parents were not fully aware of their responsibilities with respect to their children, JS1 further recommended that Kiribati, as part of its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, take steps to inform rights-holders, parents and other stakeholders of their rights and obligations under the Convention.19 11. JS3 noted that whilst Kiribati is a party to CEDAW and CRC, reporting pursuant to ratification of these conventions was delayed.23 K-WAN made similar observations and urged the Government to complete, as a matter of priority, the State report to CEDAW and submit it in 2010. It added that nothing was done to promote awareness of the role of NGOs in preparing CEDAW reports.24 JS3 urged Kiribati to enter into partnership with NGOs in the preparation and coordination of reports on human rights conventions.25 17. JS3 noted that there was no government school for persons with disabilities.34 JS1 highlighted that the only school in the country that caters for children with disabilities or special learning needs was supported by the Red Cross. It added that the lack of adequate facilities for these children reflected their lack of attendance at school.35 JS1 recommended that Kiribati pursue efforts to provide equal educational opportunities for children with disabilities, and take measures to train teachers to educate these children within regular schools.36 22. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children (GIEACPC) recommended that Kiribati introduce legislation, as a matter of urgency, to prohibit all corporal punishment of children in the family, home and all other settings, including traditional justice systems.46 35. K-WAN highlighted that women and children would be most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they have limited adaptive capacities due to prevailing social inequalities and ascribed roles.70 It urged the Government to adhere to the minimum human rights standards provided under CEDAW in the implementation, mitigation and adaptation of national responses to climate change.71 36. JS1 noted that primary and junior secondary education is compulsory and free in Kiribati. According to JS1, the Government is the sole provider of education for primary and junior secondary students. Government and Church schools provide education at senior secondary school level to those selected for further education, subject to payment of fees.72 37. JS1 highlighted that the Government’s commitment to provide education for all children had been re-affirmed in the Ministry of Education’s Strategic Plan for 2008-2011.73 It recommended the allocation of sufficient resources and overseas aid money to fully implement the goals of the Strategic Plan within the Plan’s time frame.74 38. JS1 expressed concern that enrolments both at junior and senior secondary school levels fell far short of the actual population of children in those age groups. According to JS1, in 2006 the net enrolment ratio at primary level was 96 per cent, while at junior and senior secondary levels was 79 per cent and 34 per cent respectively. JS1 highlighted that the irrelevancy of the curriculum is a major contributor to these low enrolment levels.75 It also noted that young people who perform poorly or are disinterested in school are likely to drop out, while parents with limited cash resources who cannot see the relevance of formal education for their children’s future are likely to withdraw them from school.76 JS1 recommended that Kiribati enforce its law of compulsory education for all children of school age with the help of school–family liaison officers, or the like.77 39. JS1 indicated that the quality of education in Kiribati was reportedly low by regional standards.78 In addition, the curriculum used in schools has not been reviewed for a long time. It focuses on narrow academic pathways linked to traditional jobs and does not encourage vocational and technical skills.79 According to JS1, a comprehensive overhaul of the school curriculum, particularly at secondary level, is absolutely necessary. Also, curriculum purpose and content need to be reformulated to ensure that students are well prepared to take their place in society as contributing adults and are well equipped for the world of work—whether locally or overseas.80 JS1 also recommended that Kiribati upgrade the conditions of the schools and make appropriate finances available for this to be done.81 40. JS1 noted that there continue to be many untrained teachers working in schools, which affects the overall quality of education.82 According to JS1, Kiribati has only one Teachers’ College (KTC) for training and upgrading the teaching profession.83 JS1 further noted that only 20 per cent of students and 2 per cent of teachers were provided with adequate school furniture (tables, chairs, desks, cupboards, and blackboards). It added that raising literacy and numeracy standards in these conditions was a daunting task.84 JS1 recommended that Kiribati make every effort to train and employ fully qualified teachers for all the schools, ensuring the provision of sufficient resources for all schools and teachers, which in turn will enhance the education outcomes of the students.85 Accepted and Rejected Recommendations No recommendations were accepted by Kiribati No recommendations were rejected by Kiribati The following recommendations are pending by Kiribati: 66. P - 13. Withdraw its reservations to the CRC and fully incorporate that instrument into its national legislation, as well as consider the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (Slovakia); P - 14. Take the measures necessary to bring its national legislations into conformity with its international obligations under the CEDAW and the CRC (Algeria); P - 15. Continue its efforts to promote and protect the rights of women and children in accordance with the obligations of the CEDAW and the CRC (Philippines); P - 19. Proceed with child protection legislative reform (Australia); P - 20. Review and transform the 1977 Penal Code with regard to violence against children, sexual abuse and exploitation, abduction, sales and trafficking (Germany); P - 21. Adopt effective measures to bring its national legislation, including customary law, into line with the provisions and principles of the CRC, particularly in the area of child protection and the prevention of corporal punishment, child abuse and child pornography (Argentina); P - 31. Raise awareness, through the media and educational means, of the value of human rights and respect for human rights, as well as violence against women (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya); (unsure) P - 33. Extend Government funding to schools for persons with disabilities (Canada); P - 34. Establish a comprehensive child labour policy (Germany); P - 42. Fully implement, once adopted, a draft amendment to the Constitution that would protect against discrimination on the basis of sex and gender, and would seek to protect women's and children's rights regarding family law, sexual offences, domestic violence, property, the right to work, and inheritance law (United States of America); P - 51. Take all measures necessary to address all forms of discrimination, including social discrimination and discrimination against children with disabilities in remote areas (Germany); P - 52. Review and amend all relevant legislation, including family law, inheritance law and domestic nationality and citizenship law, and the application thereof, in order to ensure equality between the sexes and compliance with the CEDAW (Norway); (unsure) P - 53. Ensure that all girls and women are accepted as students, independent of their status as engaged, married or pregnant (Norway); P - 54. Eliminate all forms of de facto discrimination against children belonging to economically disadvantaged families (Turkey); P - 61. Implement outstanding legislative reforms to prevent violence against children and child abuse in accordance with its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Kingdom); P - 62. Take further action to ensure that children who have been subjected to sexual exploitation are treated as victims and that the perpetrators are brought to justice (Sweden); P - 63. Adopt and implement Penal Code reforms and other measures in compliance with international human rights standards in order to combat violence against children in all its forms, and provide adequate reintegration and rehabilitation for the victims (Slovakia); P - 64. Take further action to ensure for children their human rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including by establishing an effective mechanism for receiving, monitoring and investigating reports of child abuse and neglect (Sweden); P - 65. Take all measures necessary to prevent and combat violence against and the maltreatment of children, by setting up an effective mechanism for collecting, processing and investigating complaints, by promoting an awareness-raising campaign and by providing adequate protection for victims; and review and modify the articles of the 1977 Criminal Code concerning violence against children, the sexual exploitation of children, and the sale and trafficking of children (France); P - 66. Prohibit the corporal punishment of children at home, at school, in penal institutions, in alternative-care settings and as a traditional form of sentencing (Slovenia); P - 67. Explicitly prohibit, in all fields, corporal punishment for children and adolescents, particularly in view of section 226 of the Penal Code, which permits "reasonable punishments" in penal institutions and by decree of Island Councils (Chile); P - 68. Enhance the enjoyment of the right to education, particularly for girls, and address the issue of sexual abuse and exploitation of children (Algeria); P - 69. Ensure the full implementation of juvenile justice standards (Germany); P - 70. Cease immediately the practice of not segregating women, children and men in prison facilities (New Zealand); P - 71. Adopt policies and measures to combat child labour and the commercial exploitation of children, in accordance with the recommendations made by the Committee on the Rights of the Child (Chile); P - 72. Continue to implement programmes aimed at ensuring that all its people have free quality health and education services (Cuba); P - 75. Further strengthen its educational system to guarantee unrestricted access to education for every member of the population (Slovakia); P - 76. Increase budgetary allocations to ensure equal access to free and quality primary education in all regions and to improve the physical infrastructure of schools, including teaching materials (Slovenia); P - 77. Earmark a larger budget for the educational sector, and revise existing educational legislation in order to ensure access to primary education for children of all regions (Mexico); P - 78. Upgrade the efficiency and the skills of teachers (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya); (unsure) P - 79. Consider developing human rights education and training programmes in the context of upgrading its national education system (Philippines);
3rd May, 3pm to 6pm
Compilation of UN information
Summary of Stakeholder compilation
Accepted and rejected recommendations