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What is psychological punishment? Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that: "States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child." The UN Study on Violence Against Children (2006) suggests that forms of cruel or degrading punishment, not involving physical violence, have been much less studied than those involving physical acts. The Children’s Consultations informing the Study revealed that “other forms of humiliation are very much on the minds of children and lodged in the minds of many adults with painful memories of how they or their classmates were humiliated by the words and actions of school heads and teachers” (UNVC, 2006: 117). Non-physical punishments considered cruel and degrading, and incompatible with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, include, for example, punishment which belittles, humiliates, denigrates, scapegoats, threatens, scares or ridicules the child. Such punishments may be carried out in the family, or in institutions such as schools. Psychological punishments that are particularly cruel or severe may be considered psychological torture. It may be difficult to differentiate psychological punishment from psychological abuse, although the former is restricted to those instances in which psychological harm is inflicted because of (perceived) wrongdoing on the part of the child. A common form of psychological punishment is the use of public humiliation. For example, publicly shaving a woman’s head may not only humiliate her in front of those who witness the act, it will also take time to grow back, thus serving as a continual reminder of her punishment and her humiliation. There is relatively little research on psychological punishment, although one report found that in most countries in the Pacific, mockery, ridicule and public humiliation are common methods of discipline for girls and boys (Ali, 2006). What can be done about it? Both physical and psychological punishment and abuse should be prohibited by national legislation. Article 19 of the CRC states that the ‘protective measures’ taken by the State should include: "effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of child maltreatment described heretofore, and, as appropriate, for judicial involvement." The website of the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children has a list of resources providing information about positive discipline. For more resources on the psychological punishment of children, click here. References Ali, Shamima (2006), ‘Violence against the girl child in the Pacific Islands region’, report prepared for Expert Group Meeting, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), in collaboration with UNICEF, Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, held in Florence, Italy on 25-28 September 2006. Accessible at: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/elim-disc-viol-girlchild/ExpertPapers/EP.14%20%20Ali.pdf UN Study on Violence Against Children (2006). Accessible at: http://www.unicef.org/violencestudy/