Recommendations for Preventing and Eliminating Physical and Psychological Punishment of Children

Summary: The following are the recommendations of the
working group on physical and psychological
punishment, from this morning's session. All
the recommeddations were adopted by
consensus by the consultation, and reported
by young delegate Pramudi from Sri Lanka.
She prefaced them by saying "Children are
children now and not just for the future".

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PUNISHMENT IN THE HOME

Legal Actions:

 Developing specific and clear laws which urgently, explicitly prohibit all
violence against children (VAC) including physical and psychological
punishment in the family and other settings

 Repeal any existing defenses that can be used to justify physical and
psychological punishment

 Harmonisation of national laws on VAC with CRC

 Establish national Protection Services that are child friendly and
mechanisms to enforce and implement legislation

Social reforms:

 Strengthening existing social, safety nets

 Awareness raising and advocacy on the rights of the child to protection
and laws and services that protect the rights of the child

Institutional Structures

 Sensitisation and capacity building for law enforcement officials,
educational professionals, health professionals, faith leaders and
community elders

 Strengthening the structures that provide services to children

 Utilising and strengthening the existing family and community support
mechanisms and structures that protect children

Policies and programmes

 Make available to the community (parents, teachers, faith leaders, other
professionals) information and training on non-violent child rearing
alternatives and techniques of positive discipline

Research and Monitoring

 Prevalence studies
 Database
 Research on the effectiveness of the CPS (child protection services)

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PUNISHMENT IN SCHOOLS

1. Legal Reforms and Recommendations
 Pass laws banning corporal punishment and effective rules for
implementation of the law
 Government should increase budget allocations on education
 Teacher curriculum should include training on positive discipline methods
 Child participation in parliaments, when passing laws affecting students
and consultations
 Re-align methodologies and structures based on a national cultural basis
 Link systems between policies and children
 Deal with congestion in schools

2. Other Reforms and Recommendations
 Expand counselling services/social work in schools
 Involvement of parent-teacher association
 Child Friendly learning and spaces
 Child participation in setting school rules
 Address the causes of behaviour of teachers and students
 Life skills programmes to empower students
 Youth forums on a regular basis

Research and monitoring
 Forums among student leaders
 Attendance
 Drop out Rates

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PUNISHMENT IN INSTITUTIONS

 Need to increase awareness about CRC
 Need to have effective laws that are effectively implemented and
effectively monitored
 Review to address gaps between present regional laws and CRC and
other human rights instruments
 Need to look more at implementation development- including human
resource development
 Have independent monitoring bodies with powerful base- Need
ombudsmen as deterrence and to monitor abuse
 Training on child friendliness across the board in all institutions to
sensitise workers
 People who work to help victims of abuse should be approachable
 Need to protect victims from stigmatisation and further abuse that may
happen as they speak out
 Have toll free Help Lines and other media that provide ways to report
violence
 Use different mediums like email, etc, to have more accessibility by
organisations helping children
 When the NGOs and CBOs look into matters not just of counselling, but
also to keep track of perpetrators: don’t just focus on victims
 Institutions (especially police) to have special units to deal with children
 Network between all the levels of government down to grassroots
 More services should be available to match increased awareness and
reporting. Otherwise people will get frustrated and not speak out again.
 Judiciary should be active, responsive and strong
 Impunity should be broken
 Have intermediary bodies as a go-between (eg.- ombudsmen) to
monitor and deter
 Restorative justice approach in dealing with children in conflict with the
law
 Divert children to other services rather than criminalizing them by putting
them in the juvenile justice system
 Have guidelines and protocols in place so that institutions know what to
do (which must adhere to UN standards of practice and guidelines)
 Research good practices that currently exist. Disseminate info on them
between countries.
 Regular, continued monitoring
 Donor attention to focus on services and not only identification of issues,
etc.
 Protection for people working with children

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PUNISHMENT IN THE WORKPLACE
(No members of the Physical and Psychological Punishment group
volunteered to talk about this subject because they did not feel they had
expertise in this area)

 Children should not be in the workplace- though reality is different, so
we need to work with it. But our ultimate principle is to stop child labour.

 Have a minimum age

 Define Hazardous work that children cannot do in line with international
standards

 Have alternative places where children can stay while parents work.

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PUNISHMENT IN THE COMMUNITY-

 All laws need to match CRC

 Role of public litigation in child protection and prevention of violence
against children needs to be seen as advocacy tool.

 Empirical data required is to support advocacy. Need good investigations
for this.

 Adoption procedures need reform and legal documentation. There are
trafficking dangers and children’s rights issues to be aware of. Not every
child can be given adoption because it’s prohibited. There is a need for
laws and policies to ensure safe adoption and follow up

 Need legal definitions of punishment, and violence against children

 Need child friendly procedural laws. Laws that exist cover hurt and
insult. But legal procedures need to be child friendly.

 Need children to be able to easily report to mechanisms- that they
understand where to go and who they can go to,

 Children should not come into contact with the police and the court in
the first place

 Need for a strong police information campaign attacking myths and
mindsets

Institutional Structures

 Counsellors in schools, trauma counselling wide spread.

 Capacity building

 Structures like the Child Welfare Commission in Afghanistan and the
National Child Protection Authority in Sri Lanka need to be promoted acrss
the region

 Structures alone not enough- need capacity building for people working
with chidlren

 Monitoring mechanisms at district levels that connect to ministries

 Children need to be part of existing programs on rehab and recovery.
Children have not been integrated specifically here.

 Medical Treatment and care has to be integral part of recovery.

 Need to pay attention to disabled children in particular in all programmes
and policies and services involved

 Hiv/AIDS and discrimination needs to be looked into (no time here).

 Prevention: need for strong public information campaign which would
raise awareness

 Training of teachers, parents,

 Human rights education for judiciary and police.

 Prevention approach must address some of the larger problems such as
impact of media, substance abuse, globalisation… ->need for convergence
of services.

 Legal reform- criminal liability of the community needs to be established
and

 Awareness of laws required for perpetrators.

Prevention

 CF school curriculum.
 Child protection issues must be integrated at the panchayat level or
other decentralised levels

 Compulsory birth registration

 Registration marriages

Areas of research
 on impact of media,
 affect of alcoholism
 displacement, migration,
 impact of disasters on children
 situations of stress that increase children’s vulnerability to all forms of
violence.

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