MYANMAR:CHILDREN'S RIGHTS REFERENCES IN THE UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW

 

 

National Report:

A. Ratification, accession and implementation of core international human rights conventions/treaties
(Recommendations 104.1, 104.2, 104.3, 104.4, 104.6, 104.7, 104.8, 106.7, 106.11)

26. Out of 9 core international human rights treaties, Myanmar acceded to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on 15 July 1991 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) on 22 July 1997.

27. To demonstrate Myanmar Government's efforts in the promotion and protection of human rights and on the implementation of the recommendations received during the First Cycle of UPR, Myanmar has become a state party to the Convention on the Persons with Disabilities on 7 December 2011 and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography on 16 January 2012.

29. At the same time, Myanmar is at the final stage to sign the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.

C. Promotion and protection of education, healthcare, economic, social and cultural rights (Recommendations 104.5, 104.13, 104.14, 104.16, 104.17, 104.20, 104.42, 104.43, 104.44, 104.45, 104.46, 104.47, 104.48, 104.62, 104.63, 105.6)

1. Right to education

41. Myanmar has an area of 261,228 square miles. There are 44,404 basic schools throughout the country. The average distance from a house to a school is about 1.39 miles. The Government is committed to provide quality and affordable education including providing adequate learning opportunities. Therefore, the literacy rate has increased from 95.08% in 2011–2012 academic years to 95.20% in 2014–2015.

42. The Government continues to allocate a significant amount of its budget to education sector. The Ministry of Education received a budget of 266.70 billion Kyats in 2010-2011. In 2014–2015 it received 1,158.43 billion Kyats. Education budget was further increased to 12,299.01 billion Kyats in 2015–2016 academic years.

43. Myanmar has been implementing Free and Universal Primary Education Programme. Starting from 2011–2012 academic year, primary and secondary students received a complete set of text books, exercise books, stationeries and school uniforms. From 2015–2016 academic year, the Government will provide text books for high school students. New schools are opened and teachers are appointed where necessary.

44. As a result of annual school enrolment campaigns, the enrolment of Kindergarten students has reached 98.77% in 2014–2015 academic year. All Inclusive Education Programme for 2013–2015, encompassing all students including children with disabilities was adopted.

45. Private sector involvement in education is growing. On 2 December 2011, the Private School Registration Law was promulgated. On 30 April 2012, Rules for the Private School Registration Law was issued. In 2014–2015 academic year, there are 280 private schools in the country.

46. A scholarship programme for students in need was introduced. In 2014–2015 academic year, 16,022 students received scholarship from the Government. Moreover, 24 oversea scholarships by the President were granted in 2015.

47. In order to meet the international education standards, the Ministry of Education is collaborating with UNICEF, JICA and ADB in developing new curriculum.

48. Human rights education is included in school curriculum since 2014–2015 academic year.

49. The Government has collaborated with civil society organizations to set up mobile schools for children who live far from the school and for migrant children. During 2013– 2014 academic year, 12 mobile schools were first introduced for 416 students. The Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association has also opened 664 pre-school facilities to provide care for under five-year-old children. Charity Night Schools are permitted to open for dropouts.

50. To achieve comprehensive development in education sector, a Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) was launched in 2013 and completed in June 2014. It contains Rapid Assessment, In-depth Analysis and Development of Education Sector Plan. The Ministry is also drafting National Education Sector Plan (2016–2020).

51. From 2011–2012 to 2015–2016 academic year, the Ministry of Education has signed 108 MOUs and MOAs with Universities and Institutions from 18 countries to cooperate in the field of education.

2. Right to health

54. Myanmar is among the few countries in the world where the incidence rate of HIV infection among adults 15 to 49 years old has decreased by more than 50 percent over the last decade (UNAIDS Global Report 2012) and the prevalence among the general population is less than one percent. The Government has been extending care and support for people living with HIV and their families as well as orphans and vulnerable children. In 2012, 1,683 orphans and vulnerable children were provided with care and support.

56. The Ministry of Health is committed to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keep their mothers healthy to raise them. Regarding improvement of maternal and child health including newborn and reducing maternal, neonatal and child mortality and morbidity, a lot of inputs have been invested. Although trends of maternal mortality ratio and under five mortality rates have been decreasing, there is still a need to reach targets set in MDGs. Essential health service package for maternal, new born and children is identified for ensuring access to comprehensive quality health services and clinics for under five have been opened up to sub Rural Health Centers all over the country.

58. The health related laws such as Traditional Drug Law, Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association Law, Private Medical Law, Eye Donation Law, The Law Amending National Food Law, The Law Amending Poisons Act, Private Healthcare Services Law and National Drug Law were promulgated since 2011.

3. Social and cultural rights

62. In primary schools, the Government has allowed the classes to teach in the languages of national races. To preserve and promote languages of national races, such classes are allowed outside of school hour for students of Kindergarten, First Grade and Second Grade.

E. Protection of the vulnerable groups (Recommendations 104.11, 104.21, 104.32, 104.34, 104.35, 104.36, 104.39, 105.3, 105.8, 105.9, 106.43)

1. Rights of the child

74. Myanmar acceded the Convention on the Rights of the Child on 16 July 1991 and became state party on 15 August 1991. Myanmar acceded to the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, child prostitution and child pornography on 16 January 2012.

75. Since 2011, Myanmar is in the process of redrafting the existing Child Law taking into account the views and suggestions made by civil society organizations. The Early Childhood Development Law, 2014 was promulgated and Rules are being drafted. Myanmar Early Childhood Promotion and Development Policy was adopted on 8 July 2014. Currently, Myanmar Children National Programme (2006–2015) has also been implemented. In 2009, the Third and Fourth Combined Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child was submitted.

76. Measures on child protection are being made through institution-centered approach and community-centered approach. To promote voluntarism in child protection, 26 trainings of trainers were conducted in 26 districts and various cities in different regions and states. All in all, 1376 volunteers took part in child protection.

78. From 2011 to 2015, 722 under-age children were discharged from the military. Reintegration and rehabilitation of the discharged are conducted by respective ministries in cooperation with CSOs. Punitive actions were taken against 327 military personnel, comprising 50 officers and 277 other ranks who have falsely recruited the under-aged children. A total of 35 monitoring visits took place in 12 Regional Commands, 101 battalions and 4 Border Guard Forces. Public awareness posters and stickers were distributed to 324 townships and 292 educational signboards were put up.

79. Combined teams consisting of local administrators and personnel from the Ministry of Health are reaching the grass roots level and far flung areas to make sure every child has a birth certificate.

2. Women’s right

84. Myanmar Women’s Affairs Federation has been conducting different training programmes which include vocational training, access to job opportunities, awareness raising on basic health care, environmental conservation and natural disaster. The Federation also helps women in finding jobs and providing small business loans with the aim of poverty reduction. The Federation helps girls-trafficked victims to reintegrate into society.

85. The Advancement of Women and Children Association was formed in 2013 to further advance the welfare and development of women and children.

H. Promotion and protection of labour rights (Recommendations 104.33, 104.41, 104.56, 104.60, 105.2, 106.40)

109. Myanmar acceded the ILO Convention No. 182: Worst Forms of Child Labour. A Technical Team for Child Labour was constituted and the four-year plan from January 2014 to December 2017 is being implemented within the framework of the Myanmar Programme on Elimination of Child Labour in cooperation with the ILO.

M. Progressive developments in Rakhine State (Recommendations 104.49, 104.50, 104.54)

134. As citizenship is one of the key components of situation in Rakhine State, pilot verification project was launched in Myay Pon township in June 2014. As a result of this project, certificates for 97 citizens, 463 naturalizations were accorded to heads of the household. In terms of eligible household members including their children, the project has benefitted to 1933 individuals by the Citizenship Law, 1982.

V. Other developments and initiatives in the field of human rights

A. Freedom of religion

147. The purpose of the Health Protection, Coordination on Increase of Population Law is to alleviate poverty, improve living standards and ensure quality healthcare and develop maternal and child health. The purpose of the Religious Conversion Bill is to promote freedom of belief and to be systematic and transparent in any religious conversion in accordance with the Constitution and international norms and standards. Registration of conversion is voluntary and there is no penalty for those who do not wish to register for their conversion.

148. The Myanmar Buddhist Women’s Special Marriage Bill has been drafted to preserve protection and equal rights on marriage, divorce, inheritance, property division and child custody between Myanmar Buddhist women and non-Buddhist men. The Monogamy Bill intends to prevent social problems as a consequence of non-monogamy marriage.

 

 

Compilation of UN Information: 

I. Background and framework

A. Scope of international obligations

1. The Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended that Myanmar ratify core international human rights treaties, such as OP-CRC-AC, ICERD, ICESCR, OP-ICESCR, ICCPR, ICCPR-OP 1, ICCPR-OP 2, OP-CEDAW, CAT, OP-CAT, ICRMW, OP-CRPD and ICPPED,12 as well as the conventions on stateless persons,13 the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,14 ILO Convention No. 13815 and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction.16 The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar made similar recommendations with respect to OP-CRC-AC,17 CAT,18 OP- CAT19 and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction.20

2. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) considered that Myanmar should be encouraged to ratify the Convention against discrimination in education.

III. Implementation of international human rights obligations, taking into account applicable international humanitarian law

A. Equality and non-discrimination

19. The country team also stated that the 1982 Citizenship Law did not contain a protection to ensure the acquisition of Myanmar citizenship by children who were born in Myanmar and did not have a “relevant link” to another State. The Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended that Myanmar strengthen its efforts to ensure effective registration of all children born in Myanmar without any discrimination.

20. The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar recommended the removal of provisions in the 1982 Citizenship Law that provided for the granting of citizenship on the basis of ethnicity or race. The Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended that Myanmar abrogate the legal provisions providing for different citizenship categories and remove any indication of ethnic origin on identity cards.

B. Right to life, liberty and security of person

29. The country team stated that concerns remained over the excessive use of force by the police in managing protests, including protests against citizenship verification exercises in Rakhine State, student protests calling for reform to the National Education Law and protests at the Letpadaung copper mine, which had resulted in the fatal shooting of one person and injuries to several others.

35. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was deeply concerned about reports of sexual abuse of girls and boys; information on acts of rape and sexual violence committed by military personnel and police officers against young girls and adolescents; and prosecution of children engaged in prostitution. The Committee also reiterated its concern about the lack of appropriate measures to prevent and combat domestic violence.

37. Regarding the recommendations contained in paragraphs 106.4279 and 106.4380 of the report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, the country team noted the signing by the Government in 2012 of a Joint Action Plan with the County Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting to end the recruitment and use of children in the Tatmadaw. However, the Tatmadaw and seven ethnic armed groups were still listed by the Secretary- General as persistent perpetrators of recruitment and use of children.81 In July 2015, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict underlined the importance of criminalizing the recruitment and use of children, whether it be committed by civilian brokers or military personnel.

39. The country team indicated that Myanmar had signed in 2012 a strategic joint action plan with ILO to eliminate the use of forced labour by 2015. However, cases of forced labour, including underage recruits, continued. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was deeply concerned about the reported ongoing recruitment of child soldiers, both in the military and by non-State actors.

40. The Committee on the Rights of the Child remained concerned that Myanmar was a source country for men, women and children who were subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labour, and for women and children in forced prostitution in other countries.

C. Administration of justice, including impunity, and the rule of law

47. The Committee on the Rights of the Child urged Myanmar to: amend the Child Law to raise the age of criminal responsibility, currently set at 7 years old; use pretrial detention only for serious crimes; ensure that no child is subject to abuse and ill-treatment when in contact or in conflict with the law; and establish specialized juvenile courts with adequate resources throughout the territory.

48. The country team stated that the jurisdiction of two existing juvenile courts extended only to cases of children in conflict with the law in Yangon and Mandalay, leaving children elsewhere under the jurisdiction of general courts.

49. The Committee on the Rights of the Child urged Myanmar to ensure that children deprived of liberty in police stations or in detention facilities are not kept with adults and that girls are not kept with boys.

D. Right to privacy, marriage and family life

50. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was concerned about the distinction between a child (up to the age of 16 years) and a youth (between 16 and 18 years), the absence of a minimum age for marriage for boys and the legality of the marriage of girls as young as 14 years with parental consent.

51. That same Committee was concerned about the local order restricting marriages for Rohingya people and about the practice aimed at reducing the number of their children.98 Despite the information provided in the follow-up report submitted by Myanmar in 2013,99 the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women considered that Myanmar had failed to lift the orders concerning marriage authorization and restriction of pregnancy for Muslim women in northern Rakhine State.

F. Freedom of religion or belief, expression, association and peaceful assembly, and right to participate in public and political life

55. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was concerned that some children were reportedly placed in Buddhist monasteries and converted to Buddhism without their parents’ knowledge or consent, and that the Government sought to induce members of the Naga ethnic group in Sagaing Division to convert to Buddhism.

59. UNESCO encouraged Myanmar to introduce an access to information law that was in accordance with international standards. The Committee on the Rights of the Child made a similar recommendation.

G. Right to work and to just and favourable conditions of work

68. The country team stated that the definitions of child, child labour and its worst forms and the minimum age to retain employment were inconsistent with international law. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was concerned about the widespread use of child labour in unacceptable conditions and the minimum legal age for the employment of children, set at 13 years of age.

H. Right to social security and to an adequate standard of living

69. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was concerned about the persistently high rate of poverty among children, the significant income disparities between urban and rural areas and regional disparities in poverty.

71. The Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed concern about serious gaps in the supply of safe drinking water, especially in rural areas, and inadequate sanitation facilities.

I. Right to health

72. The country team stated that only 36 per cent of all deliveries were conducted in health facilities. Access to immunization was problematic in hard-to-reach and conflict- affected areas. Maternal and child undernutrition was still one of the biggest health problems. About one in three children below 5 years of age were stunted.

73. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was concerned about the lack of knowledge among adolescents of sexual and reproductive health, which had an impact on early pregnancies and abortions among girls below the age of 18.

74. The country team noted that adolescents were not able to provide consent for HIV prevention, testing and treatment services, and there was limited information and education for young people on sexual and reproductive health and rights.135 The Committee on the Rights of the Child remained concerned that children were largely absent from the HIV- control programme agenda.

J. Right to education

76. The High Commissioner noted that students had been marching from the Mandalay Region to Yangon since January 2015, calling for amendments to the National Education Law, which they claimed overly centralized decision-making power on education, was restrictive on the formation of student unions, and did not provide for the teaching of ethnic minority languages.

77. UNESCO considered that Myanmar could be encouraged to further promote education for all, especially by designing programmes to ban discrimination against women and minorities, including by providing education in local languages.

78. The Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended that Myanmar extend compulsory education to 16 years of age; ensure that primary education is free for all without secondary costs; and increase the number of schools, particularly in remote areas.

K. Persons with disabilities

80. The Committee on the Rights of the Child was concerned about widespread stigma and discrimination against persons with disabilities.

81. The country team stated that the new education laws under discussion did not adequately reflect the principles of inclusive education for children with disabilities. The Committee on the Rights of the Child raised a similar concern.

L. Minorities and indigenous peoples

84. In response to the follow-up report submitted by Myanmar in 2013, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women recommended that Myanmar provide information on actions taken to ensure that Muslim women in northern Rakhine State, including internally displaced women, have access to basic services, including health and education.

N. Internally displaced persons

92. The country team stated that Myanmar continued to experience protracted conflict and displacement in Kachin, northern Shan and Rakhine States. A total of 238,380 persons had been displaced since the conflicts began in 2011 and 2012. That included almost 95,000 children who had been deprived of consistent access to basic services.

93. The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar recommended that Myanmar ensure the provision of health services, food items, non-food items and education in all camps for internally displaced persons, including those in remote parts of northern Rakhine State.

94. The Human Rights Council called upon Myanmar to ensure the safe and voluntary return of all refugees and persons displaced from their homes, including Muslims.

O. Right to development, and environmental issues

97. The Committee on the Rights of the Child noted the absence of a legislative framework regulating the prevention of, protection against and reparation of adverse impacts of activities by private and State-owned companies, mainly in the extractive and large-scale energy-related sectors.

 

Stakeholder Information 

C. Implementation of international human rights obligations, taking into account applicable international humanitarian law

1. Equality and non-discrimination

16. STPI reported that, according to the Population Control Bill, the Government put a limit to the number of children people could have.24 SEDF stated that this bill stipulated that women wait 36 months between having children, indirectly forcing birth control mechanisms. This was unacceptable to some religious groups.

20. Women Peace Network – Arakan (WPNA) stated that anti-Muslim sentiment was increasing throughout the country as evidenced by the growth of the 969 and Ma Ba Tha movements and by violence in 2013 outside of Mandalay and in other locations throughout the country.30 Organization for Defending Victim of Violence (ODVV) reported that the Rohingyas continued to face restrictions on the freedom of movement, on access to land, food, water, education and health care, and on marriages and birth registration.

21. According to LWF, 76 per cent of children in Chin State did not possess a birth certificate and 35 per cent of children affected by armed conflict were unregistered.32 WPNA stated that Rohingya children, whose parents were alleged to have violated restrictions on marriage or birth rate or committed other unapproved acts, had been denied birth certificates.

2. Right to life, liberty and security of the person

27. JS4 continued that abuses committed by the Tatmadaw in the context of ongoing armed conflicts included: extrajudicial killings; rape and sexual violence against women and girls; arbitrary arrests; torture; forced displacement; the use of human shields and minesweepers; forced labour; the recruitment of child soldiers; and enforced disappearances.

28. CIVICUS stated that, since Myanmar’s first UPR in 2011, security forces had continued to use excessive, indiscriminate and even deadly force to disrupt and disperse public protests. AI reported the police’s use on 29 November 2012 of white phosphorus munitions against monks and villagers who had been peacefully protesting against the Letpadaung mine in central Myanmar. The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP) and Fortify stated that the National Education Law protests standoff in Latpadan in March 2015 had ended in the arrest of approximately 127 people and the use of excessive force by police.43 FLD (Frontline Defenders) and JS8 raised similar concern.

33. The Arakan Project (AP) stated that, in the months following the unrest in Maungdaw Township on 8 June 2012, more than 1,000 Rohingyas had been arrested and detained. At least 62 died in custody in Buthidaung Jail from torture and beatings. 72 children had been among those jailed.

39. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children (GIEACPC) stated that corporal punishment of children was lawful, despite repeated recommendations to prohibit it by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and during the 1st cycle UPR. It was unlawful as a sentence for crime but it was lawful in the home, alternative care settings, day care, schools and penal institutions.

40. IHRB indicated that child labour was widespread in various sectors. Children also ended up as beggars on the streets, bus and railway stations and at tourist attractions.

41. ODVV reported that more than 5,000 children were serving in the military, not including those who had been recruited as children but were now past their 18th birthdays.

42. Joint Submission 8 (JS8) stated that, in 2012, Myanmar had signed a Joint Action Plan with the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting (CTFMR) to end the recruitment of children into the armed forces. Some 600 children had since been released from the armed forces. However, CTFMR had not been granted full and free access to conflict areas and areas controlled by ethnic minority group.

44. JS8 stated that children were trafficked for many different purposes, including for forced conscription into the State army and non-State armed groups; begging; drug-related crimes; forced labour; domestic servitude; sexual exploitation; and forced marriages.

4. Right to privacy, marriage and family life

59. WPNA stated that local authorities in Northern Rakhine State (NRS) applied burdensome requirements to Muslim marriages and limited the number of children that Muslim families were allowed to have.96 AP stated that Rohingyas in NRS were the only community who must apply for official permission to marry.

5. Freedom of movement

61. AP stated that Rohingya must apply for a special permit to travel between townships even within NRS. Many new road check-posts had been established after the 2012 violence. This, combined with curfew regulations, had further reduced freedom of movement for the Rohingya.

9. Right to health

 

83. AW stated that there were few female reproductive and sexual healthcare services. The lack of comprehensive sexuality education, combined with this service gap, resulted in a range of poor female sexual and reproductive health practices and outcomes, such as high rates of unsafe abortions.

10. Right to education

85. JS8 noted that the National Education Law had been adopted in 2014, but with limited input from students and education actors.

86. CHRO indicated that the lack of adequate school facilities was a major barrier to accessing education for the Chin. In many rural areas, one school was shared by up to four to five villages.

87. IHRB stated that discrimination against women and girls in education was widespread. Female students must receive higher marks in exams to enter engineering and medicine university studies than their male counterparts.

88. AP stated that, since June 2012, Rohingya youths and children had had little to no access to education. All Muslim religious education institutions had been closed down. Government schools had mostly reopened but Rohingya and Rakhine students remained segregated in some schools. Rohingya students who had successfully passed high school had no opportunity to pursue higher studies, as they were not allowed to travel to and enrol anywhere else in the country.

11. Persons with disabilities

89. Concerning recommendation 104.21137, JS8 stated that children with disabilities continued to be disadvantaged in Myanmar’s education system, as there were very few specialized schools for them, and they were rarely well-integrated in mainstream public schools.

90. JS8 continued that the high-school rate among persons with disabilities was low. Only 2 per cent had attended high-school. This was because parents were not encouraged to send their children to school, and they lacked an understanding of the special needs of children with disabilities, as did teachers in general.

91. JS8 also indicated that girls with disabilities were particularly vulnerable to sexual violence even in schools.

12. Minorities and indigenous peoples

93. ODVV indicated that the Government continued to reject a United Nations report of the break out of violence in Rakhine State in January 2014, in which men, women, and children had been reportedly killed.

99. ERT stated that restrictions for the Rohingya on marriages and birth had led to thousands of unregistered children. They were denied evidence to support future applications for citizenship, thus increasing the numbers of stateless persons in Rakhine State.

 

 

Accepted and Rejected Recomendations 

143. The recommendations formulated during the interactive dialogue/listed belowhave been examined by Myanmar and enjoy the support of Myanmar:

143.11  Ratify the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict (Chile) (Croatia);

143.12 Ratify the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict (Luxembourg);

143.13 Consider the possibility of ratifying the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict (Panama);

143.14 Take all necessary measures aimed at the early ratification of the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict (Slovakia);

143.15 Expedite the process of redrafting of the existing Child Law taking into account the views and suggestions made by civil society organizations (Bhutan);

143.25 Reinforce and implement the protection of vulnerable groups, namely children, women, disabled, elderly, and make a greater effort to include ethnic and religious groups in the life of Myanmar society (Holy See);

143.72 Adopt measures to end the recruitment and participation of children in military activities (Mexico);

143.73 Continue to implement policies to ensure full protection of civilians, particularly children, in zones of armed conflict (Ecuador);

143.76 Continue investing efforts in the prevention of human trafficking, with special attention to investigation and prosecution of all cases of sale and trafficking of children (Serbia);

143.77 Ensure impartial and effective investigation of violence perpetrated against women and violence perpetrated against children, and ensure reparations for victims and the right to a fair trial, including legal aid, for both the victim and the accused (Finland);

143.109 Increase the amount of spending on health with special attention to women and children so as to achieve relevant Millennium Development Goals as soon as possible (China);

144.52 Strengthen efforts regarding the effective measures on the registration of all children born in Myanmar without any discrimination (Albania);

144.53 Take measures for the effective registration of all children born in the country without discrimination and remove all references to ethnic origin in identity documents (Paraguay);

144.54 Ensure effective registration of all children born in the country, regardless of their ethnic origin and without any discrimination, in accordance with Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Canada);

145.25 Continue to prioritize its work with the ILO on a Joint Action Plan on Child Soldiers to progress the implementation of Resolution 1612 (New Zealand);

145.30 Prevent discriminatory local orders and practice of restricting marriages for Rohingya people and pregnancy for Muslim women aimed at reducing the number of their children (Slovenia);

145.53 Remove all policies targeting Rohingyas in Rakhine State, especially those that violate fundamental human rights, particularly those restricting freedom of travel, marriage, education, freedom of worship, two child policy applied only to them, denial of basic healthcare, and illegal construction of Buddhist settlements on their land, arbitrary taxes and exploitation (Saudi Arabia);