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Summary: This report extracts mentions of children's rights issues in the reports of all UN Treaty Bodies and their follow-up procedures. This does not include the Concluding Observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child which are available here: http://www.crin.org/resources/treaties/index.asp
Please note that the language may have been edited in places for the purpose of clarity.
- UN Human Rights Committee
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- UN Committee against Torture
- UN Committee on Migrant Workers
- UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- UN Committee on Enforced Disappearance
UN Human Rights Committee
(CCPR/C/JOR/4)
Last reported: 13 / 14 October 2010
Concluding Observations issued on 18 November 2010
Issues raised:
Right to nationality: […..}It is further concerned that Jordanian women cannot transmit their nationality to their children. In general, the Committee expresses its concern about the existence of stereotypes and customs in Jordan that are contrary to the principle of equality of rights between men and women and hinder the effective implementation of the Covenant (arts. 2, 3 and 26). (Paragraph 7).
The State party should bring its legislation, including the Personal Status Act, into conformity with the Covenant and ensure that women are not subjected to de jure or de facto discrimination, inter alia in matters of marriage, divorce, custody of children, inheritance or the transmittal of nationality to children.
Child labour: The Committee is concerned at reports that child labour is increasing in the State party, and that the Labour Code does not provide protection for children working in family enterprises or agriculture (art. 24). (Paragraph 17).
The State party should take all necessary measures to combat child labour, particularly by reviewing its legislation to ensure protection for all children, including those who work in family enterprises and agriculture.
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UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(E/C.12/1/Add.46)
Last reported: 15 / 16 August 2000
Concluding Observation issued: 1 September 2000
Issues raised:
Child labour: The Committee is concerned that the 1996 Labour Code does not provide any protection for persons working in family-owned and agricultural enterprises, and domestic labour. It is precisely with respect to work in these areas that protection is most needed because it often involves hazardous working conditions, and largely female and child workers.
The Committee recommends that the Labour Code be amended to ensure that workers in family-owned enterprises, agricultural activities and domestic labour are effectively protected, and that inspections extend to these areas. (Paragraph 20)
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UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
(CERD/C/JOR/13-17)
Last reported: 1 / 2 March 2012
Concluding Observations issued: 9 March 2012
Issues raised:
Right to nationality: The Committee is concerned that under the Jordanian Nationality Act (Law No. 7 of 1954), children of Jordanian women who are married to non-nationals are precluded from obtaining Jordanian nationality at birth. (Article 5).
The Committee recommends that the State party review and amend the Jordanian Nationality Act (Law No. 7 of 1954) in order to ensure that a Jordanian mother married to a non-Jordanian man has the right to confer her nationality to her children equally and without discrimination. In doing so, the Committee draws the State party’s attention to its General Recommendation No. 25 (2000) on the Gender Related Dimensions of Racial Discrimination. (Paragraph 11)
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UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
CEDAW/C/JOR/CO/6
Concluding observations published: 3 March 2017
Last reported: 22 June 2015
Refugee, asylum-seeking and stateless women: The Committee is concerned about cases of Palestinian mothers fleeing the Syrian Arab Republic being prevented from entering the State party while their Syrian husband and children were allowed to do so; The policy of non‑admission of Palestinian refugees fleeing the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, which was adopted in January 2013, as well as the reported forcible return to the Syrian Arab Republic of a number of Palestinian refugees, including women and girls; Early and/or child and forced marriages of refugee women and girls to Syrian and Jordanian men, often in polygamous marriages, for socioeconomic reasons or protection purposes (para 11).
The Committee recommends, in line with its general recommendation No. 32 (2014) on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women, that the State party take prompt measures to improve the security of women and girl refugees and asylum seekers, increase their access to education, training, livelihood opportunities and health care, as well as basic services and essential goods for refugee women and children, and ensure that they are not compelled into sexual or labour exploitation. It also recommends that the State party: Ensure that the principle of non-refoulement is upheld for all women and girls in need of international protection, by abolishing the policy of non-admission of Palestinian refugees fleeing the conflict in Syria, introducing procedural safeguards against refoulement and providing effective remedies in expulsion proceedings, establishing gender-sensitive asylum procedures and defining gender-based violence as a ground for asylum, in line with articles 1 and 2 of the Convention; Seek technical support for the establishment of a system to collect disaggregated data on incidents of gender-based violence against women, in particular sexual violence, and incidents of forced prostitution and child and/or forced marriage of refugee women and girls, and provide victims with medical and psychosocial assistance and access to justice, in line with article 2 of the Convention and the Committee’s general recommendation No. 33 (2015) on women’s access to justice (para 12).
Implementation and visibility of the Convention: The Committee recommends that the State party:
Further enhance capacity-building programmes for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and law enforcement officials on the application of international legal norms and standards relating to women’s human rights, including the Convention and the jurisprudence of the Committee, and make information on those instruments available in national language to all women and girls, inter alia by using information campaigns in the media and posting the Convention and all general recommendations issued by the Committee on the relevant government websites (para 14).
Discriminatory laws: The Committee recommends that the State party expedite a comprehensive review to ensure the compatibility of its legislation with the provisions of the Convention, and recommends that it accelerate its efforts in repealing all remaining discriminatory provisions in its domestic legislation, in line with articles 1 and 2 of the Convention and Sustainable Development Goal 5.1 to end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere (para 20).
Gender-based violence against women: The Committee notes the information concerning the ongoing legal reform carried out in the State party. It remains, however, concerned about the continued existence of articles 97 to 99, 308 and 340 of the Penal Code, which exempt rapists from criminal liability if they marry the victim for at least five years, and provide for reduced sentences in certain circumstances for perpetrators of crimes committed in the name of so-called “honour”. The Committee is also concerned about the continuous recourse of the State party to administrative detention or “protective custody” of women and girls at risk of becoming victims of those crimes, which allows for their detention in correctional facilities without charge and for indefinite periods of time (para 33).
The Committee recommends that the State party amend the Crimes Prevention Act (1954) with a view to abolishing the practice of administrative detention, in particular the holding of women and girls who are at risk of becoming victims of gender-based violence in “protective custody”; Immediately release women and girls arbitrarily placed in “protective custody”, establish appropriate shelters and mechanisms for their protection throughout the country and ensure that they participate and consent to any protection measure provided to them (para 34).
Trafficking and exploitation of prostitution: The Committee notes the efforts made by the State party to combat trafficking in persons. It is concerned, however, about the extent of trafficking in women and girls to, from and within the State party for purposes of labour and sexual exploitation, including frequent cases of Syrian girls being lured into prostitution through false promises of marriage and a better life in the State party, as well as about documented allegations that adolescent refugee girls are sold as brides in the State party. The Committee is furthermore concerned at the low rates of prosecution and conviction in cases of trafficking in women and girls (para 35).
The Committee recommends that the State party investigate, prosecute and adequately punish all cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and girls; Address the root causes of trafficking and exploitation of women and girls in prostitution by adopting and implementing adequately resourced programmes and other appropriate measures to create educational and employment opportunities for women, particularly among refugees and migrant workers, who are at risk of being trafficked or exploited in prostitution and wish to leave it (para 36).
Nationality: The Committee notes with appreciation the information provided by the delegation that no case of statelessness has been reported in the State party, as the law on nationality stipulates that a child born to a Jordanian mother and a foreign father has the right to acquire the nationality if s/he is born in Jordan and the father is either unknown or stateless, including fathers who are Palestinian refugees. The Committee remains concerned that under the Nationality Act (1954), Jordanian women are not entitled to pass on their nationality to their foreign spouses and their children. It is further concerned that the decision taken by the State party in 2014 to grant children of Jordanian mothers (who have resided in the country for a minimum of five years) and foreign fathers some “privileged services” (Mazaya) with respect to, inter alia, education, health, work, property ownership, and investment, has not yet been published nor fully implemented (para 39).
The Committee recommends that the State part review the Nationality Act, while taking into consideration practices of other States parties from the region that have successfully amended their nationality laws, to ensure equality between women and men with regard to the acquisition, change and retention of nationality and to enable Jordanian women to pass their nationality to their foreign spouses and their mutual children; Consider lifting the condition of five years of residence of the mother in order to reach out for a larger number of eligible children (para 40).
Education: The Committee notes with appreciation that gender parity has been reached within primary education and that female enrolment rates in secondary and higher education are now higher than those for men. It further welcomes the measures taken to reduce school dropout and illiteracy rates among girls and boys. The Committee is concerned, however, that: Female illiteracy rates and school drop-out are still high in rural areas and among refugee girls; Traditional images of women’s roles and responsibilities in school books perpetuate girls and women’s disadvantaged status. Teachers lack training on women’s rights and gender equality and the career guidance encouraging women and girls to choose non-traditional career paths is limited, in particular in the fields of science and technology; The number of women and girls in vocational training is limited (para 41).
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that pregnant girls and young women and mothers are supported and assisted in continuing their school education; Continue efforts to ensure access to education for girls living in rural areas and refugee girls and address their high illiteracy and dropout rates; Give priority to eliminating traditional stereotypes and structural barriers that may deter girls from enrolling in traditionally male-dominated fields of study, such as science and technology, and step up efforts to provide girls with career counselling on non-traditional career paths and non-stereotypical vocational training that correspond to market demands; Encourage and promote women and girls in vocational training (para 42).
Employment: The Committee is concerned about the harsh conditions and high risk of physical and sexual abuse faced by many girls engaged as domestic workers. The Committee recommends that the State party promote the equal sharing of family and domestic responsibilities between women and men, including by introducing compulsory paternity or shared parental leave following childbirth; Remove girls from the worst forms of child labour, in particular those working as domestic workers, and ensure that legal proceedings are engaged against those who abuse and exploit them (paras 43, 44).
Health: The Committee is concerned about the limited access of women and adolescent girls to sexual and reproductive health services in rural and remote areas in the State party; The criminalization of abortion, except when the life or health of the pregnant woman or girl is at risk, and the fact that it compels women, in particular those living in rural areas, to resort to unsafe and illegal abortion; The limited access to modern contraceptives, especially in rural areas; The limited access of women and girls to HIV/AIDS counselling and testing services in prenatal clinics (para 47).
The Committee recommends that the State party amend its Public Health Law to legalize abortion in cases in which the life and/or health of the pregnant woman or girl is at risk, and in cases of rape, incest and serious impairment of the foetus, ensure its legal and practical availability, , and decriminalize it in all other cases and increase women’s access to safe abortion and to post‑abortion care services; ensure the availability and accessibility of modern forms of contraception and reproductive services to all women and adolescent girls in the State party; Improve access of women and girls to HIV/AIDS counselling and testing services in prenatal clinics. Develop and implement measures, including temporary special measures, to accelerate the achievement of substantive equality for rural women in all areas in which they are underrepresented or disadvantaged, including political and public life, education, health and employment. It should put in place programmes to reduce the engagement of rural girls in unpaid care work, which constitutes a barrier to school attendance, and design and implement targeted measures to create income-generating opportunities for rural women in their localities (para 48).
Women with disabilities: The Committee takes note of the fatwa that was issued in January 2014 by the Department for the Rendering of Formal Islamic Law Opinions in Decision No. 194 (2014/2) prohibiting the sterilization of girls with disabilities and stipulating society’s responsibility for girls with disabilities. The Committee remains, nevertheless, concerned about reported cases of compulsory or voluntary sterilizations of women with disabilities that are not for medical reasons, performed by the families of women and girls with mental disabilities. The Committee is further concerned that the law protecting women with mental disabilities from forced sterilization has not yet been adopted. The Committee recommends that the State party expedite the adoption of the law protecting women with mental disabilities from forced sterilization, as well as amendments to the Jordanian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code, which aim at enhancing the protection of persons with disabilities, particularly women with disabilities. The Committee also recommends that the State party ensure that the rights of women with disabilities are mainstreamed within the national strategies and action plans for women, and intensify its efforts in providing social and health services support to families with girls and women with disabilities, as well as training opportunities to women with disabilities (paras 53, 54).
Marriage and family relations: The Committee notes the efforts of the State party to address discrimination the Committee remains concerned about the fact that religious courts tend to rule in favour of the husband in divorce, alimony and child custody proceedings; The high number of girls, some as young as 15 years old, who are married every year as a result of the extensive use of derogations to the minimum age of marriage (which is set at 18 years old) and the broad discretion left to the Sharia Court judges and legal guardians in that respect; The persistent discrimination against women and girls in inheritance law, both as daughters and as widows (para 55).
The Committee recommends that the State party review all discriminatory provisions of the Personal Status Act and, in particular discourage and prohibit polygamous marriage in law and in practice, in line with the Committee’s general recommendation No. 21 (1994) on equality in marriage and family relations and joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on harmful practices (2014); Prevent the practice of early and/or child marriage in all societal groups, with a view to prioritizing the best interest of girls and their right to education, and conduct awareness-raising campaigns concerning the many negative consequences resulting from such marriages; Establish an appeals mechanism to oversee religious court proceedings and ensure that they do not discriminate against women in their judgements, especially in divorce, alimony and child custody proceedings (para 56).
(CEDAW/C/JOR/5)
Last reported on 23 February 2012
Concluding Observations issued on 9 March 2012
Issues raised:
Violence: While commending the State party for accepting and facilitating the visit of the United Nations’ Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, that took place in November 2011 and while noting the State party’s intention to address effectively the Special Rapporteur’s recommendations after its careful study with relevant bodies, the Committee expresses concern at the high prevalence of violence against women in the State party, in particular domestic and sexual violence, and that this remains considerably underreported and undocumented. While welcoming the enactment in 2008 of the Domestic Violence Protection Act, the Committee is deeply concerned at the absence of specific legislation to eliminate violence against women in all settings, including a definition of violence, and at the prevalent recourse in the context of the new Act to reconciliation in cases of domestic violence, which can lead to re-victimization of women who have suffered from violence.
The Committee urges the State party to:
(a) Ensure compliance with the recommendations of the report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, and give high priority to putting in place comprehensive measures to address all forms of violence against women and girls; (Paragraph 25 and 26)
Trafficking: While welcoming the adoption by the State party of the Human Trafficking Act in 2009 and consequently the adoption of a national strategy to combat human trafficking, the Committee expresses its concern that the new Act does not define adequately human trafficking, and at the continuing prevalence of trafficking in women and girls in the State party, as well as at the low reporting rate and the lack of data on the magnitude of human trafficking. The Committee is also concerned at the lack of shelters and counselling assistance for victims of trafficking and prostitution.
The Committee recommends that the State party:
(a) Includes in its Act on Human Trafficking a comprehensive definition of trafficking, as well as safeguards for investigation, prosecution and punishment of such acts in accordance with the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish, Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and adopt effective measures for the implementation of the Act and its national strategy, including by providing training to the judiciary, prosecution and police officials on this law to ensure its strict application;
(b) Collects data on incidents of trafficking and on victims who have been detained, prosecuted or deported since 2009 for acts such as prostitution; and
(c) Ensures that trafficked women and girls, including foreign domestic workers who had become victims of trafficking, have access to quality medical care, counselling and shelter. (Paragraph 29 and 30)
Education: The Committee commends the State party for the gains achieved in the education of girls and women, as reflected in the high literacy rate (90%), and for raising the age for free and compulsory education to 16 years. The Committee is, however, concerned about the limited access married young women have to school education, and about the segregation of fields of study at the post-secondary level, with women and girls concentrated in traditionally feminine areas, as well as at their under-representation in technical-vocational education and its consequences on their representation in the paid labour force. While aware of the on-going review of school curricula and textbooks, the Committee is also highly concerned about the remaining traditional images of women’s roles and responsibilities in school books and curricula that perpetuate girls and women’s disadvantaged status.
The Committee urges the State party to:
(a) Amend the regulations of the Ministry of Education so as to allow young women’s access to compulsory and free education without discrimination;
(b) Give high priority in implementing measures to eliminate traditional stereotypes and structural barriers that might deter the enrolment of girls in non- traditional fields of education at the secondary and tertiary levels of the education system, and in providing career counselling for girls that expose them to options related to non-traditional career paths in science-related professions and that correspond to market demands; and ;
(c) Intensify its efforts in reviewing school textbooks and curricula of all school levels to avoid conveying stereotyped images of the roles of women. (Paragraph 35 and 36)
Sexual and reproductive health: The Committee is highly concerned that abortion in the State party remains illegal in cases of rape and incest, and thus, women seek unsafe and illegal abortions. The Committee is also concerned at the limited access to sexual and reproductive health and rights education for young, unmarried, and rural women. The Committee further expresses its concern at the insufficient health and rehabilitation services to women victims of sexual abuse and at the State party’s overreliance on civil society actors in that respect.
The Committee recommends the State party, in line with its general recommendation No. 24 on women and health (1999), to amend its Public Health Law and allow abortion in cases of rape and incest with a view to protecting the best interests of the victim, and to remove punitive measures imposed on women who undergo abortion in such cases. The Committee calls upon the State party to ensure the provision of skilled medical aid and health facilities to women and girls suffering from health complications due to unsafe abortions; expand the provision of education on sexual and reproductive health and rights, in particular to young women and also in rural areas; and, assume primary responsibility in providing health assistance and rehabilitation services to women victims of sexual abuse while maintaining cooperation with civil society actors. (Paragraph 39 and 40).
Early marriage: [….....] The Committee is further concerned that early marriage remains lawful and, that girls can marry in exceptional cases at the age of 15 years, which, among others reasons leads to girls dropping out of school. The Committee is also concerned about the persistant discrimination against women and girls in inheritance, both as daughters and as widows. The Committee also notes that property relations are governed by a regime of separate property, and that this could discriminate against women. The Committee further notes the lack of a civil code for family matters.
The Committee recommends the State party to review the discriminatory provisions of the Personal Status Act and, in particular, to:
(c) Prevent the practice of early marriage in all societal groups, with a view to prioritizing the best interests of girls, inter alia, their right to education;
(d) Continue its efforts to enable girls and women to inherit on equal basis with their male counterparts, and to enact legal provisions to ensure that upon dissolution of marriage, women have equal rights over acquired property during marriage in line with article 16 of the Convention. (Paragraph 49 and 50)
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UN Committee against Torture
CAT/C/JOR/3
Last reported: 20 and 23 November 2015
Concluding Observations issued: 3 December 2015
Issues raised:
Pre-trial detention: The Committee is concerned about the high number of inmates placed in pre-trial detention. It is also concerned that as a result, on remand inmates are not systematically separated from convicted prisoners as well as children from adults (arts 2, 11 and 16). (para 19)
The Committee recommends that the State party intensify its efforts to reduce the number of inmates placed in pre-trial detention, including by resorting to alternatives to imprisonment. The State party should also ensure the separation of pre-trial detainees in all places of detention from convicted prisoners and minors from adults. (para 20)
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(CAT/C/JOR/2)
Last reported: 29 / 30 April 2010
Issues raised:
Trafficking: While welcoming the adoption, in 2009, of the Human Trafficking Prohibition Act No. 9 which criminalizes all forms of human trafficking, the Committee expresses its concern at reports of trafficking in women and children for sexual and other exploitative purposes. The Committee is also concerned at the general lack of information on the extent of trafficking in the State party, including the number of complaints, investigations, prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators of trafficking, as well as on the concrete measures adopted to prevent and combat such phenomena. (arts. 1, 2, 4, 12 and 16).
The State party should increase its efforts to prevent and combat trafficking of women and children, including by implementing the current laws combating trafficking, providing protection for victims and ensuring their access to medical, social, rehabilitative and legal services, including counselling services, as appropriate. The State party should also create adequate conditions for victims to exercise their right to make complaints, conduct prompt, impartial and effective investigations into all allegations of trafficking and ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice and punished with penalties appropriate to the nature of their crimes. (Paragraph 22)
Juvenile justice: The Committee welcomes the efforts made by the State party to reform its juvenile justice system. However, the Committee notes with concern that, despite the information provided that the provisions of the Juvenile Act are being amended to raise the age of criminal responsibility to 12 years, the minimum age of criminal responsibility (7 years) remains below international standards, and there is a lack of alternatives to imprisonment. Furthermore, the Committee notes with concern that a juvenile who commits a crime with an adult is tried before the court competent to hear the charges against the adult. (arts. 2, 11 and 16) .
The State party should, as a matter of urgency, raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility in order to bring it in line with the generally accepted international standards. The State party should also take all necessary measures to develop and implement a comprehensive system of alternative measures to ensure that deprivation of liberty of juveniles is used only as a measure of last resort, for the shortest possible time and in appropriate conditions. Furthermore, the State party should ensure that juveniles are tried before juvenile courts. (Paragraph 26)
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UN Committee on Migrant Workers
Not yet signed or ratified.
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UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
CRPD/C/JOR/CO/1
Last reported: 3 October 2012
Concluding observations issued: 12 April 2017
Issues raised and recommendations given:
Positive aspects: the Committee welcomes the Decision No. 194-02 of 2014 taken by the Jordanian Department for the Rendering of Formal Islamic Law Opinions to issue an official Fatwa prohibiting the forced sterilisation of girls with disabilities and stipulating society’s responsibility for girls with disabilities (para. 4).
Children with disabilities (art. 7): the Committee is deeply concerned by the reported violence boys and girls with disabilities experience both in “Care Homes” and family settings. The Committee further notes the absence of a disability perspective in national policies affecting children, including the Early Childhood Development Strategy and the National Strategy for the Family. The Committee recommends that the State Party: within a set timeframe, adopt the draft amendments to the Criminal Code which intensify punishments for acts of negligence or harm of children with disabilities; ensure all cases where children with disabilities are exposed to violence are reported and investigated fully, ensuring perpetrators are prosecuted and appropriately punished and that victims are provided with adequate support and redress, including compensation and rehabilitation; and mainstream disability rights within the national strategies and action plans for children (para. 17 ad 18).
Freedom from Exploitation, Violence and Abuse (Article 16): the Committee is concerned that articles 8 and 62 of the Criminal Code (No. 16 of 1960), referring to “discipline and what is permitted by law and allowed by customs”, may, in practice, be used to justify acts of violence against women, girls and boys with disabilities. The Committee recommends that the State party repeal articles 8 and 62 of the Criminal Code, to fully prohibit corporal punishment; and mainstream a disability-rights perspective in the System of the National Taskforce on Family Protection against Violence No. 33 of 2016 and in the new draft law on protection against family violence (para. 33 and 34).
Protecting the integrity of the person (art. 17): the Committee is deeply concerned about the practice of subjecting persons with disabilities, especially women and girls with intellectual and psycho-social disabilities, to sterilization, despite its prohibition by Fatwa Decision no. 194-02 of 2014. The Committee urges the State Party to cease the practice of sterilization in the absence of the individual’s free and informed consent; and adopt the proposed amendments to the Criminal Code prohibiting forced sterilization (see CEDAW/C/JOR/CO/6, para. 54; A/HRC/25/9, para. 118.110), ensuring the prosecution and sanction of perpetrators and provide remedies to persons exposed to forced sterilization, including adequate compensation and rehabilitation (para. 35 and 36).
Education (art. 24): the Committee notes the absence of systematic data collection on the enrolment and drop-out rate of children with disabilities in both mainstream and special education schools. It is concerned that many children with disabilities do not enjoy quality inclusive education. It is further concerned that teachers lack training on delivering the curriculums in mathematics and computers in an accessible manner resulting in these curriculums being denied to deaf and blind students.
The Committee recommends that the State party recognize inclusive education as the guiding principle of the education system, in line with its general comment No. 4 (2016) on the right to inclusive education, and: adopt the draft law on the National Plan for Inclusive Education and involve persons, specifically children, with disabilities, through their representative organisations, in its adoption and implementation (See CRC/C/JOR/CO/4-5, para. 42); allocate sufficient financial and human resources to ensure the provision of individual support and reasonable accommodation to enable children with disabilities, including intellectual disabilities, to receive quality inclusive education on all curriculum (See A/HRC/25/9, para. 118.114); and ensure the systemized collection of data disaggregated by age, sex, impairment and location, on the enrolment and dropout rates of children with disabilities in both mainstream and special schools (para. 45 and 46).
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UN Committee on Enforced Disappearance
Not yet signed or ratified.