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Contents page INTRODUCTION Historical overview Statistics and flows THE INTERNATlONAL NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK The United Nations Declaration The Convention on the Rights of the Child The Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption ABUSES OF INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION Methods and means Consequences of illegal acts and malpractice for the child Consequences of abuses for children in general HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS Legislation Courts and administrative structures Child end family welfare policy Private adoptions Emergency conflict and post-conflict situations Socio-political upheaval and abrupt economic change Intercountry foster placement and respite care PROMOTING A FAMILY-FOCUSED APPROACH The 'abandoned' birthmother Institutionalization and intercountry adoption Family reintegration Domestic adoption WHEN THE ANSWER IS INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION A synopsis of good practice MAIN ACTORS The Hague Convention protagonists Other potential actorsOwner: UNICEF International Child Development Centrepdf: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/digest4e.pdf