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It is estimated that at least one million children are deprived of their liberty worldwide. Held at police stations, detained in prisons and detention centres, or placed in reform schools and other (closed) institutions, these children are often confronted with (gross) violations of their human rights. They are deprived of their liberty for obscure reasons; detained in inadequate and overcrowded facilities together with adults; denied family contact; and subjected to violence, abuse and neglect by staff or other inmates. Children deprived of their liberty are at risk of having their childhoods and future life opportunities wasted away. This book provides a systematic and comprehensive study of the implications of International Human Rights Law and Standards for children deprived of their liberty. It addresses the legal requirements regarding arrest, detention and imprisonment of children set by international and regional human rights treaties, in particular the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and pays close attention to the role of children’s legal status. In light of this, the book subsequently assesses legislation from the Netherlands specifically drawn up to strengthen the legal status of children in Dutch youth institutions: the Youth Custodial Institutions Act (Beginselenwet justitiële jeugdinrichtingen). This study offers specific guidance on the interpretation and implementation of relevant provisions of International Human Rights Law and Standards, particularly for academics; (inter)national governmental and non-governmental organizations; (inter)national courts, legislators and competent authorities; institutions; lawyers; and others working with or for children deprived of their liberty. Its detailed recommendations clarify important steps towards the realisation of the rights of children deprived of their liberty around the world.