Physical punishment

The justicies said it's permissible to punish a child by spanking so long as "reasonable" force is used and the child is not harmed in a lasting way. Conversely, they also emphasised the child should be protected from abuse.

Although there is little data on the impact of gang violence on child marriage, anecdotal evidence shows girls are getting married and coupled with gang members, which they see as a form of protection from gang violence and intimation from other gangs. 

The findings are part of a report documenting widespread physical, cultural and sexual abuse at government-sponsored residential schools run mostly by churches that Indian, Inuit and other indigenous children were forced to attend.