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To access the complete original Family code (in Russian) click here. Unofficial translation of some sections: CHAPTER IV. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARENTS AND MINOR CHILDREN Section 67. The right of the child to protection The child has the right to protection of his rights and legal interests. Section 68. The right of the child to express his opinion The child has the right to express his opinion during the resolution in the family of any question affecting his interests, and also to be heard in the course of any judicial or administrative trial. Part 12: Personal non-property rights and responsibilities of parents The protection of the rights and interests of children is entrusted to their parents. Section 179. The manner of designation of a guardian and trustee For the direct implementation of the responsibilities of guardianship and trusteeship, bodies of guardianship and trusteeship appoint (designate) a guardian or trustee.
Part 11: Personal non-property rights of minor children
Protection of the rights and legal interests of the child is carried out by his parents (substituting persons), and, in cases stipulated by the present code, by the body of guardianship and trusteeship, the public prosecutor, and the court.
A minor recognized in accordance with the law as fully capable before reaching legal age has the right to independently exercise his rights and responsibilities, including the right to protection.
The child has the right to protection from abuses by his parents (substituting persons).
In cases of infringement of the rights and legal interests of the child, including non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by the parent(s) of the obligation for the upbringing and education of the child, and abuses of parental rights, the child has the right independently to turn for protection of his rights and legal interests to the body of guardianship and trusteeship, and, upon reaching 14 years of age, to the court.
Persons to whom it becomes known that there is a threat to the life or health of a child or an infringement of his rights and legal interests are obliged to inform the body of guardianship and trusteeship located in the factual residence of the child. Upon receiving such knowledge, the body of guardianship and trusteeship is obliged to take the necessary measures for the protection of the rights and legal interests of the child.
Section 74. The rights and responsibilities of parents to protect the rights and interests of their children
Parents are the legal representatives of their children, and they speak in protection of their rights and interests in relation to any physical or judicial bodies (persons), including in courts, without special authority (proxy, powers).
Parents do not have the right to represent the interests of their children if it is established by the body of guardianship and trusteeship that there is a contradiction between the interests of the parents and the children. In cases of disagreement (discord) between parents and children, the body of guardianship and trusteeship is obliged to appoint a representative for the protection of the rights and responsibilities of the children.
Any citizen of legal age of both genders may be appointed (designated) as a guardian or trustee, and only with his or her agreement.
A guardian or trustee must be appointed (designated) no later than a month's duration from the day on which the body of guardianship and trusteeship becomes aware of the necessity of the establishment of guardianship or trusteeship.
Upon the appointment of a guardian or trustee, attention must be paid to his or her personal qualities, capability to fulfill the corresponding responsibilities, relations existing between him or her and the individual requiring guardianship or trusteeship, and likewise the wishes (desire) of the ward himself.