Objective Increasing the knowledge of methods and promising models on Working with Boys and Young Men to Address Gender Based Violence & HIV/AIDS. Abstract Despite the fact that gender mainstreaming in programme and policy development has increased during the last decade, gender inequalities and discrimination persist, with substantial effects on the rates of gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS among young people in Africa. In programming and policy-making, gender commonly refers exclusively to disadvantages to women or to girl children, while boys and men are perceived as oppressors and hence left out or ignored. Combating violence against girls and addressing discrimination of both boys and girls, however, requires the inclusion of boys and young men in programming and policy making. In order to address gender based discrimination and violence, boys and young men need to be perceived as not only perpetrators of violence and discrimination, but also as victims and as actors in solution-making. For this reason, Save the Children Sweden has taken the initiative to host the 1st Pan African Seminar on the principles and methodologies of Partnering with Boys and Young Men. Based on experiences from Africa, South East Asia and Latin America, the seminar will explore ways of pursuing positive gender-equitable relationships through partnering with boys and young men, by addressing root causes of gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS. During the seminar, practical examples on ways of involving boys and young men at local, national and international levels will be given. For the major part, the presentations given at the seminar will be based on Save the Children Sweden’s and its partners’ experiences from working globally in partnership with boys and young men, while striving to implement a gender based focus which also includes and focuses on the male gender. In South and central Asia, for example, Save the Children Sweden has developed a model programme for partnering with boys and men in order to address violence and abuse affecting both girls and boys. This programme has been adapted to and is now being implemented in an Ethiopian context by Save the Children Sweden partners. Furthermore, in Zambia, Save the Children Sweden has supported research on the construction and perceptions of masculinities and its interlinks with local manifestations of violence in the times of HIV/AIDS. In the process of researching and implementing this approach to gender, violence and HIV/AIDS, Save the Children Sweden and its partners have experienced that many boys and men do not feel comfortable with the expectations and demands of the harmful versions of masculinity that portray men as aggressive, violent, treating their partners as sexual objects, etc. Boys and men are also often outraged by the epidemic levels of violence against girls and women, as well as of the violence that many boys and men experience. The very real threat of HIV infection in the countries where this approach has been researched and implemented, contributes to many boys’ and men’s perceived need of changing oppressive and violent gender relationships. As a result of this, some boys and men are beginning to step forward to join women and girls as allies in working for equity and in challenging violence. One element of this struggle is integrating positive role models into the socialisation of children, for instance through a focus on fathering. Experience shows that when fathers take on a positive and committed role in bringing up their children, gender relationships as well as perceptions of the non-legitimacy of violence are positively affected in the family. Conclusions There is an urgent need to broaden the approach to gender enquiry and activism to include boys and men if we want to promote gender equality and address violence and HIV/AIDS in relation to both girls and boys in Sub Saharan Africa. Unless we speak to boys and men and find ways to encourage them and allow them to change their own ideas and behaviour, gender discrimination and gender based violence will continue. Read more on www.rb.se/eng Suggested resource materials
Publications A. Simpson & B. Heap: "A Lesson for the Living: Promoting HIV/AIDS Competence among Young Zambians", YOUTH THEATRE JOURNAL, VOLUME 19, 2005, pp. 89 - 101. A. Simpson & B. Heap: "When you have AIDS People Laugh at You': A Process Drama Approach to Stigma with Pupils in Zambia" CARIBBEAN QUARTERLY, VOLUME 50, NUMBER 1 March 2004, pp. 83 - 98. Barker, Gary & Christine Ricardo (2005). Young Men and the Construction of Masculinity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Social Development Papers, Paper No. 26. The World Bank. Barker, Gary (2005). Dying to be Men. Youth, Masculinity and Social Exclusion. New York: Routledge. Breines, Ingeborg, Robert Connell and Ingrid Eide (2000). Male Roles, Masculinities and Violence. UNESCO Publishing. Dowdney, Luke (2003): Children of the Drug Trade. A Case Study of Children in Organised Armed Violence in Rio de Janeiro. Save the Children Sweden. Ending gender-based violence: A call for global action to involve men (2004). Sweden: SIDA. http://www.sida.se/Sida/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1250&a=24727 Karlsson, Lena & Ravi Karkara (2004). Working with Men and Boys – to promote gender equality and to end violence against boys and girls. Save the Children Sweden-Denmark, Regional Programme for South and Central Asia. Lorentzen, Jørgen (2005) The Role of Men in Combating Violence Against Women. Background paper prepared for The United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women. Pease, Bob & Keith Pringle, ed (2001). A Man’s World? Changing Men’s Practices in a Globalized World. London & New York: Zed Books. Puchert, Ralf, Marc Gärtner & Stephan Höyng (eds) (2005). Work changes Gender. Men and Equality in the Transition of Labour Forms. Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers. Simpson, Anthony (2002). The measure of a man: Boys, young men and dangerous ideologies of masculinity in the time of HIV/AIDS. Save the Children Sweden Simpson, Anthony (2002). Process Drama. Save the Children Sweden, Simpson (2003) 'Half-London in Zambia': Contested Identities in a Catholic Mission School, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. Simpson, Anthony: "Sons and Fathers/Boys to Men in the Time of AIDS: Learning Masculinity in Zambia", JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN STUDIES, VOLUME 31, NUMBER 3, September 2005, pp. 569 - 586. Simpson, Anthony: "Learning Sex and Gender in Zambia", SEXUALITIES, Forthcoming in Special Issue 2007. The Role of Men and Boys in Achieving Gender Equality. Report of the Expert Group Meeting Brasilia, Brazil 21.-24. October 2003. World Report on Violence and Health (2002). World Health Organization, Geneva. Internet sites on men’s anti-violence activities (This list of internet links is taken from Michael Flood’s bibliography of writing on men, masculinities, gender, and sexualities, http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/) Men in the Movement to End Violence Against Women: Campaigns and Campaign Materials Toolkit for Working with Men and Boys to Prevent Gender-Based Violence. Working with Men to Prevent Violence Against Women: An Overview (Part One), by Alan Berkowitz (October 2004). Provides an overview of current efforts involving men in the prevention of violence against women. This document discusses men role in prevention, what is effective in men prevention, and cultural issues and considerations in working with men. Working with Men to Prevent Violence Against Women: An Overview (Part Two), by Alan Berkowitz (October 2004). Discusses best practices in prevention, provides an overview of different program modalities and formats, and reviews pedagogies that can be used in working with men to prevent violence against women. Men's anti-violence activism (published works) Men Can Stop Rape (formerly the Men's Rape Prevention Project) - USA White Ribbon Campaign - men working to end men's violence against women. Canada (where the WRC began) Building Partnerships to End Men’s Violence – Papers and summaries from a 2003 online discussion, focused on four topics: Virtual Seminar Series on Men’s Roles and Responsibilities in Ending Gender-based Violence, United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), 2002. "Men’s collective anti-violence activism and the struggle for gender justice." Development (Special Issue: Violence against Women and the Culture of Masculinity) 44 (2001). EuroWRC (European White Ribbon Campaign) Men Stopping Violence - USA Men Against Violence (Yahoo e-mail list) Men Ending Rape Alan Berkowitz, Rape prevention Instituto Promundo's work on violence prevention Mensafe.com (Australian website for men to make non-violence pledges) No More: Men's Outreach For Rape Education - USA Men Stopping Rape, Inc. - USA Masculinity and sexual harassment Michael Kaufman: writer/speaker on men's issues Paul Kivel, violence prevention educator Ending Men’s Violence Citebase (Jack Straton) Men Against Violence Against Women - Trinidad & Tobago One in Four - Walk Across America Men’s Nonviolence Project, Texas Council on Family Violence Non-Violence Alliance - USA Men Against Violence - Spain Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) Program - USA Rape Myth-Busters: A program for young men about rape prevention (Australia) Boys-Talk: a program for young men about masculinity, non-violence and relationships -- Australia Men Against Sexual Assault (University of Texas) - USA Men Against Sexual Assault (University of Rochester) - USA Men Against Sexual Assault and Rape - Haverford College, PA, USA Jackson Katz (anti-sexist activist) - USA Men Ending Violence - Virginia Department of Health, USA Men Against Sexual Violence (MASV), sponsored by the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape (PCAR) Teaching Sexual Ethics (Jo Weinberg) Foubert’s publications on anti-rape education Men’s Violence Prevention (Todd Denny) - USA Discussions of men’s involvement in ‘Reclaim The Night’ events and marches Femnet- men against gender based violence (Reports from Ethiopa, Kenya, South Africa, Malawi, etc.) Walk a Mile in Her Shoes: Men's March to Stop Rape, Sexual Assault & Gender Violence Ending Gender-Based Violence: A Call for Global Action to Involve Men (132 pp. report) Violence Against Women and the Culture of Masculinity (8 pp., Society for International Development, 2002) Fact-sheet: Gender-based violence and masculinity Cameron, Margaret. (2000). Young men and violence prevention. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 154, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology Men, boys, and gender-based violence in South Central Asia "Violence Against Women — It’s Against All the Rules" – community education campaign for men aged 21-29, NSW Attorney General’s Department, Australia. Taking Action For a Rape-Free Culture Gary barker, Christine Ricardo: Young men and the construction…: http://www.promundo.org.br/Pesquisa/Young%20Men%20SubSaharan_Web.pdf Jorgen Lorentzen: The role of men in combating violence against women:
http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/PreventionAndEducation/Campaigns/MenCampaigns.php
A collection of campaigns organized by or aimed at men to prevent domestic violence and/or encourage men's involvement in the movement to end violence against women.
A comprehensive resource for practitioners to work with men and boys to prevent violence. This toolkit is a follow up to our 2003 online discussion series and consolidates resources from many different initiatives from around North America.
www.endabuse.org/toolkit
http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_MenPreventVAW1.php
http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_MenPreventVAW2.php
http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/violence2.html#Antiviolenceactivism
http://www.mencanstoprape.org/
http://www.whiteribbon.com/
(1) Building a Big Tent Approach to Working with Men;
(2) Innovation within Batterer Intervention Programs: Community based approaches to enhancing safety and accountability;
(3) Building Bridges between Responsible Fatherhood Programs and Programs working to End Men's Violence;
(4) Young Men as Allies in Preventing Violence and Abuse: Building Effective Partnerships with Schools.
http://endabuse.org/bpi/
http://www.un-instraw.org/en/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=909&Itemid=182
Virtual Seminar Series
http://www.un-instraw.org/en/index.php?option=content&task=blogcategory&id=118&Itemid=184
Papers include;
Political Connections: Men, Gender and Violence - Alan Greig
A Coordinated Collaborative Approach to Address and Combat Teen Dating Abuse - Rus Ervin Funk
Etc.
http://www.xyonline.net/Mensantiviol.shtml.
Arguing that men are both part of the problem and part of the solution, Flood emphasises that men’s anti-violence activism is a crucial element in the struggle for gender justice.
www.eurowrc.org/
http://www.menstoppingviolence.org/
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/menagainstviolence/
http://www.menendingrape.org/index.htm
http://www.alanberkowitz.com/
Papers available here (http://www.alanberkowitz.com/papers.html) include;
Fostering Men's Responsibility for Preventing Sexual Assault
Guidelines for Consent in Intimate Relationships
Etc.
http://www.promundo.org.br/materia/view/95
Five articles documenting and exploring violence prevention work with young men in Brazil by the Instituto Promundo. Projects include the training of young men from low income areas of Rio de Janeiro as change agents in gender-based violence prevention and the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.
http://www.mensafe.com/home.htm
http://www.nomorerape.org/
http://danenet.danenet.org/msr/
http://www.mun.ca/sexualharassment/Masculinity.html
Includes;
The AIM Framework: Addressing and Involving Men and Boys To Promote Gender Equality and End Gender Discrimination and Violence
The Seven P's of Men's Violence
Building a Movement of Men Working to End Violence Against Women
Men Taking Action to End Gender-based Violence
Working with Men and Boys to Challenge Sexism and End Men's Violence
Articles of the White Ribbon Campaign
Men must abandon notion they are violent by nature
Better Fathering Will Help End Violence
http://www.michaelkaufman.com/
http://www.paulkivel.com/links1/homecurrent.html
http://www.nomas.org/EMVCiteb.doc
http://welcome.to/mavaw
http://www.oneinfour.com/
A 3,500 mile walk across America by four men in 2001, to raise awareness about sexual assault.
http://www.tcfv.org/mens_non-violence.htm#menmakechoices
http://www.endingviolence.com/
http://www.arrakis.es/~jcasado/hombres/
http://www.sportinsociety.org/mvp.html
http://www.shinesa.org.au/pdf/rape_myth_buster_manual_cards.pdf
A 97-page Australian program for young men on rape prevention. This handbook includes an overview and rationale, a discussion of program implementation, and the full program itself.
http://home.swiftdsl.com.au/%7Ebunyip/boystalk/welcome.html
Boys-Talk, written by Brook Friedman, is a program for young men that examines masculinity, non-violence and relationships.
http://www.utexas.edu/students/utmasa/
http://www.sa.rochester.edu/masa/index.php
http://www.students.haverford.edu/masar/front.htm
http://www.jacksonkatz.com/
http://www.vahealth.org/civp/sexualviolence/menendingviolence/
http://www.menagainstsexualviolence.org/
http://www.teachingsexualethics.org/home.htm
Includes;
Consent Rules! – Simple rules for men in establishing consent in sexual interactions.
Men Unlearning Rape – Stories of, and reflections on, doing anti-rape workshops with men.
The Conversations of Consent: Sexual Intimacy Without Sexual Assault – How to work with men to make consent the basis for safer, and sexier, sexual intimacies.
Coming Home to a World Without Rape – What it would mean for men to come home to a world without rape, and the personal and political changes needed to get there.
http://jdfoub.people.wm.edu/publications.htm
http://www.olywa.net/tdenny/
In support of women and children only: http://www.isis.aust.com/rtn/woonly.htm
In support of men’s involvement: http://www.isis.aust.com/rtn/meninvole.htm
On women’s space: http://www.isis.aust.com/rtn/womenonly.htm
Overview: http://www.isis.aust.com/rtn/started.htm#Getting%20Started
http://www.femnet.or.ke/publications.asp
5th Annual March - April 23, 2005
http:// www.walkamileinhershoes.org
http://www.sida.se/Sida/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1250&a=24727
http://www.nea.org/international/images/sid.pdf
http://www.unifem-eseasia.org/resources/factsheets/UNIFEMSheet5.pdf
A seven-page outline of gender-based violence, masculinity, and the growing impetus to involve men in efforts to end gender-based violence.
http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi154.html
Reports on a consultation among young men on violence prevention, outlines effective means of violence prevention, identifies promising areas for policy development and program implementation.
http://www.crin.org/docs/resorces/publications/SC-Masculinities.doc
This report (in Word format) reviews gender based violence and promoting gender equality with a focus of men and boys in the South Central Asia region. It summarises the three-day workshop on 'Strengthening partnership with men and boys to promote gender equality and end violence against girls and boys', where participants from the region met and shared practical experiences of and theoretical insights into working with men and boys on issues of masculinities that promote gender equality and non-violence towards children and women. The workshop also developed strategies and concrete action plans for increasing partnership with men and boys to address violence against girls and boys and for promoting gender equality from a child-rights based approach.
http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/vaw-aar1
Evaluation: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/vaw/ll_vaw.nsf/vwFiles/Report_IAATR_FinalEvaluation.doc/$file/Report_IAATR_FinalEvaluation.doc
A public education campaign to reduce and prevent violence against women, aimed at men aged 21 to 29 in New South Wales, Australia. Uses well-known male athletes and sporting language to build on men’s intolerance for violence against women, stimulate discussion, encourage broader understandings of violence against women, and encourage an awareness of the ramifications of violence and abuse.
http://www.xyonline.net/rapefree.shtml
Men Stopping Rape outline the many ways in which men can help erode rape and rape culture.
1st Pan African Seminar on Working with Boys and Young Men to Address Gender Based Violence and HIV/AIDS
Organisation:
Link :
http://www.crin.org/docs/savesw_engage_boys.pdf
Countries
Please note that these reports are hosted by CRIN as a resource for Child Rights campaigners, researchers and other interested parties. Unless otherwise stated, they are not the work of CRIN and their inclusion in our database does not necessarily signify endorsement or agreement with their content by CRIN.